Introduction
Vectors are the most fundamental data structure in R. A vector is a collection of elements of the same type.
Creating Vectors
# Using c() function
numbers <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
letters <- c("a", "b", "c", "d")
logical_vec <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
# Using colon operator
1:10
# Using seq() function
seq(1, 10, by = 2)
seq(0, 1, length.out = 5)
# Using rep() function
rep(1, times = 5)
rep(c(1, 2), each = 3)
Vector Operations
# Arithmetic operations
v1 <- c(1, 2, 3)
v2 <- c(4, 5, 6)
v1 + v2 # Element-wise addition
v1 - v2 # Element-wise subtraction
v1 * v2 # Element-wise multiplication
v1 / v2 # Element-wise division
# Scalar operations
v1 + 10 # Add 10 to each element
v1 * 2 # Multiply each element by 2
Vector Functions
v <- c(3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6)
length(v) # Number of elements
sum(v) # Sum of elements
prod(v) # Product of elements
mean(v) # Mean
median(v) # Median
sd(v) # Standard deviation
min(v) # Minimum
max(v) # Maximum
range(v) # Range
sort(v) # Sort ascending
sort(v, decreasing = TRUE) # Sort descending
Indexing Vectors
v <- c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e")
# By position
v[1] # First element
v[c(1, 3)] # Multiple positions
v[1:3] # Range of positions
v[-1] # All except first
v[-c(1, 2)] # Exclude first two
# By condition
v[v > 3]
v[v == "a"]
Vector Properties
v <- c(1, 2, 3)
is.vector(v) # Check if vector
is.numeric(v) # Check if numeric
is.character(v) # Check if character
is.logical(v) # Check if logical
Summary
Vectors are the building blocks of R. Master vector operations to become proficient in R programming.